Coronavirus – Vaccines and Immunity

While 2020 will forever be defined by the coronavirus pandemic, 2021 is a year that will be etched in memory of humankind for how the world came together to beat the virus with the fastest and most effective vaccines. As coronavirus vaccines are starting to get rolled out, people have many questions. How soon a person receiving the vaccine may develop immunity, how long the immunity will last, what if one does not take the second dose, can one still be a carrier without exhibiting symptoms and so on. Let us try to address some of those concerns.

First, a shoutout to incredible scientists, engineers and healthcare professionals whose dedication, persistence, hard work and professionalism amidst a lot of noise, politics, fake information and conspiracies prevailed only because of their complete focus on finding solutions to the challenges represented by the covid crisis. 

Vaccines & Immunity

Covid 19 Vaccines: Covid 19, a disease caused by the novel strain of coronavirus has defined the year 2020. As we stand the on the verge of a brand new year, 2021 is likely to be defined by the vaccines to beat covid 19. 

At no time in history, has there been such a rapid pace of innovation in developing vaccines to combat such a ferocious disease, as now. Currently, three vaccines authorized are Pfizer-BioNTech, J&J, and Moderna’s vaccines. Additionally three other vaccines  in phase 3 clinical trials are developed by AstraZeneca, Janssen and Novavax.  As far as I know, all of these are mRNA vaccines. mRNA stands for messenger ribonucleic acid and it can be described as messengers that carry instructions on how to make a protein. These messengers never enter the nucleus of the cell and therefore they can never alter or modify a person’s genetic makeup or DNA. These messengers only work with the body’s natural defenses to fortify them and help them develop immunity to the disease.

Sometimes any of these vaccines can cause some symptoms like fever, headache and so on. These symptoms are a sign that the body is building immunity. None of these vaccines will infect anyone with covid 19 and none of the vaccines can cause someone to test positive on Covid 19 tests. If a person develops immunity then it is possible that they may test positive on some antibody tests, but not on covid 19 diagnostic tests. If you got sick from covid 19, prior to taking the vaccine, very likely you may still benefit from getting the vaccine. So it is advisable for everyone to take the vaccine, including those who may have contracted the disease before. 

There are different kinds of immunities and at this point, researchers don’t have all the answers. While it is hard to say exactly how long most people will be protected from the disease after receiving the vaccine, it may also vary from person to person. But here is some general info.

• Sterilizing immunity: In this  best case scenario of robust & durable immunity (like Measles), once a person develops immunity then the body is able to defend itself in all possible future infections.  In coronavirus, this may be unlikely for most of us. However, some people with strong natural immunity may develop it.
• Functional immunity: This is the type of immunity that is most likely in case of novel coronavirus. Here the person may contract the virus but the immune system will recognize & fight off the virus with very mild symptoms.
• Waning immunity: In this case, a person infected or vaccinated would lose immunity over a period of time. This is likely in case of coronavirus and we may need to take booster doses. But even in this situation, most people will likely not be very sick as reinfections will be much less severe.
• Lost immunity: In this case, a person would lose all immunity in some time & reinfection may be like first infection, carrying the same risk. Experts feel this is not very likely as most people will be able to generate some immune response and then develop some long term immunity.

Covid 19 is a serious disease. While many people only have a mild illness, others get severe illness and many are dying from it, all over the world. Covid 19 vaccines will help protect you by creating an antibody response, without having to experience serious sickness and without long term serious and detrimental effects on your body.

Some indication seems to be that very likely the mutated strain coming from UK may be more contagious BUT less virulent. This may also be great news for vaccine efficacy. On the other hand, there isn’t much data on the mutated strain coming from South Africa but Dr. Fauci has said that vaccines may not be as effective on the South African virus. A thing to remember is that ultimately, viral load, duration of exposure AND your immune system will determine your risk of infection and also the impact of the vaccines on you. Any of these factors can change the outcome for you. For instance, even if you are young and have great immunity, if you are exposed to heavy viral load (mostly from someone in close proximity) and if that occurs for a long time then your risk of infection increases. So please continue to take all precautions.

Please sign up for some of the interesting health tracks and events and take the opportunity to listen to the incredible scientists from across the world as they share their journeys towards incredible breakthroughs in fighting covid 19.